पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं - AERONAUTICS !! PART-5 !!

पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं 

We were to see the chapter on the usage of metals for aeroplanes in the previous note.But,because we had to discuss the speed of light calculation and other informations relating to the solar system from the RIG VEDA,we were not able to view the metallurgy chapter.Hence,we will start with it from this note. 

India was a pioneer in mettalurgy.If the world wanted Zinc it had to only come to India once upon a time.

There is a furnace still in existance from the vedic period,in a place named zawar.Researchers have found the technique and have submitted reports.

Please go through this to know more : 

http://www.inae.org/metallurgy/News_pdf%20files/DH_07_08_07.pdf 

Now we shall move onto the Vaimanika shastra : 

ATHA: YAANA LOHAANI   [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTHRA.13 ] 

There are 3 kinds of metals named somaka, soundaalika, and mourthwika. By mixing them, 16 kinds of heat-absorbing metals are produced.Metals which are light, and are suitable for producing aeroplanes are 16. They are heat absorbing, and should be used in the manufacture of aeroplanes.".

There are detailed and very vivid descriptions of metals, their properties,their names,the alloy making etc.These metals names are in sanskrit.But the properties correspond to modern day aluminium say scientist who have done research in the vaimanika shastra. 

LOHASHUDHDHI ADHIKARANAM : The Chapter  Of Purification of metals 

THATH SHUDHDHIR YATHA SHODHANAADHIKARAAYA [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTHRA.14 ] 

Their purification is done by methods of shodhanadhikara. 

The purification of Soundaala metal is like that of soma with regard to boiling in the cauldron, but the process of purification is with 6 acids, 7 oils, and 5 decoctions,Whose descriptions are given. We are not looking deep into these because they all are sanskrit names.Too much of it wil lcomplicate the note for the readers. If you would like to know more,Please drop your e mail id as a comment. 

They have numbered the metals that are used.Also they have indicated the metal number and that it belongs a particular group number.Thus they have had great classification techniques for metals. 

SECOND CHAPTER : 

OOSHMAPAAHA THRILOHA MAYAA: [ VAISHESHIKA SHASTRA.SUTHRA.15 ] 

The ooshmapa metals are made up of three kinds. 

The heat-proof metals are made out of the three, Souma, Soundaala, and Morthweeka mentioned in the previous chapter. It is said in "Loha Ratnaakara" that each of the three yields varieties of seed metals.

MELANAATH [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTHRA.16 ] 

By mixing. 

They mention of several different alloys and have described their properties.It reads the proportion in which each of them have to be mixed,the temperature specifications etc.I really wish we could decode all of this and some of my engineering studiying friends would come forward and try to build something out of the shastra. 

MOOSHAADHIKARANAM : THE CRUCIBLE 

PANCHAMAATH DWITHIYAI [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTHRA.17 ] 

The fifth vareity in the second group.

According to "Nirnayaadhikaara", the melting of the superior, medium, and inferior kinds of metals is to be done in 407 different kinds of crucibles. They are divided into 12 groups. For the melting of the root-metals the second group of crucibles is considered the best. 

Next the shastra talks about the place where the metals can be melted and so the plane's body can be formed.

Athha Vyaasatikaadhikaranam: The Fire-place 

Athha Kundas-Saptamay-Nava [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.18 ] 

Then fire-place, number 9 in class 7 

Having dealt with crucible in the last sootra, we now consider the fire-place.

Experts mention 532 varieties of vyaasatikaas or fire-places. Of them Koorma-vyaasatika, or tortoise-shaped fire-place is best suited for melting the seed-metals for the Vimaana

Kunda-kalpa or the art of furnace construction mentions 532 kinds of furnaces. They are divided into seven classes, each including 76 varieties. Furnace no. 9 in the 7th class, is best suited for melting the requisite metals of the vimaana, and its name is koorma-vyaasatikaa, or tortoise-shaped furnace..

Athha Bhastrikaadhikaranam: The Bellows 

Syaad-bhastrikaashtame Shodashee [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.19 ] 

The bellows should be number 16 in the 8th class.

There are descriptions for this also.Those who are interested in knowing,please let me know so that  i can communicate to you. 

The next subsequent chapters deal with the MIRRORS AND LENSES,ELECTRICITY,MACHINARY and then subsequently move onto the CONSTRUCTION. 

Hope you wil lcontinue reading. Thanks for reading ! DO COMMENT :) 

पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं - AERONATUICS PART-4 ! SPEED OF LIGHT !! SOLAR SYSTEM !!

पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं 

The successful publish of the 10th part of the notes ! It feels proud. 

We were to proceed with with the LOHADHIKARANAM ( the chapter of metal usage), but i thought, we shall pause it for now and resume from the next note. 

Since the vaimanika itself involves many calculations to come with regard to distance,speed,time etc. we will see those measures in this note.The vaimanika shastra also describes the universe, solar system and also about the air routes in the earth's atmosphere.So i thought, the basic understanding of all these with the help of the VEDAS themselves is essential to move onto the vaimanika shastra further.

Our ancestors, have calculated the speed of light.

The RIG VEDA says, 

taraNir vishvadarshato jyotishkrdasi surya |

vishvamaa bhaasirochanam || [ Rig veda 1.50] 

and the commentator also says , 

tatha ca smaryate yojananam. sahasre dve dve sate dve ca yojane

ekena nimishardhena kramaman.

We will see what these verses mean and take it as the base for the calculation of speed of light.

These verses literally mean, “It is remembered here that Sun (light) traverses 2,202 yojanas in half a nimisha” 

In the vedas, NIMISHA is a unit of time and YOJANA  is a unit of distance.

NIMESHA : 

The moksha dharma parva of the mahabharatha, explains 

15 Nimisha = 1 Kastha

30 Kashta = 1 Kala

30.3 Kala = 1 Muhurta

30 Muhurtas = 1 Diva-Ratri (Day-Night)

We know Day-Night is 24 hours

So we get 24 hours = 30 x 30.3 x 30 x 15 nimisha

in other words 409050 nimisha

We know 1 hour = 60 x 60 = 3600 seconds

So 24 hours = 24 x 3600 seconds = 409050 nimisha

409050 nimesa = 86,400 seconds

1 nimesa = 0.2112 seconds 

YOJANA : 

The vishnu purana explains the calculation of YOJANA unit. 

10 ParamAnus = 1 Parasukshma

10 Parasúkshmas = 1 Trasarenu

10 Trasarenus = 1 Mahírajas

10 Mahírajas= 1 Balagra 

10 Bálágra = 1 Likhsha

10 Likhsha= 1 Yuka

1o Yukas = 1 Yavodara

10 Yavodaras = 1 Yava

10 Yava = 1 Angula (1.89 cm or approx 3/4 inch)

6 angula  = 1 Pada

2 Padas = 1 Vitasti (span)

2 Vitasti = 1 Hasta (cubit)

4 Hastas = a Dhanu,  Nárikás = 6 feet

2000 Dhanus = 1 Gavyuti = 12000 feet

4 Gavyutis = 1 Yojana = 9.09 miles 

{ NOTE: THESE CALCULATIONS OF THE YOJANA HAVE BEEN ADOPTED FROM THE RESEARCH OF P.V.VARTAK,a research scholar, there are proofs in his books explaining how it is 9.09 miles also } 

Calculation:

So now we can calculate what is the value of the speed of light in modern units based on the value given as 2202 yojanas in 1/2 nimesa

= 2202 x 9.09 miles per 0.1056 seconds

= 20016.18 miles per 0.1056 seconds

= 189547 miles per second !!

As per the modern science speed of light is 186000 miles per second !

As per the mordern calculation it is 18600 miles/second. 

I think that the calculation errors must have occured due to approximation. 

Now that again our mouths are wide open, we will move onto some concepts of the universe as explained by the oldest of the vedas, THE RIG VEDA.

All our text books that we have studied in our curriculum, says that the indians proposed a geocentric model of the solar system, and that galileo founf all this was wrong and proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system. 

IS THIS TRUE ? ? ? ? 

The very word JAGATH ( World ), means the moving one.Those who know hindi can recognise as well.. (JISKI GATHI HAI WOH JAGATH .. that which has movement),so we knew the earth was moving constantly, that is why we named it so. 

ahastA yad apadee vardhata kShAH shaceebhir vedyAnAm |

shuShNam pari pradakShiNid vishvAyave ni shishnathaH ||                 [ RIG VEDA 10.22.14 ] 

KSHA: - Earth ; AHASTHA- No hands ; APADEE- No legs ; VARHDATH- moves ahead; SHUSHNAN PARI - around the sun ; PRADAKSHINIT - around 

This earth is devoid of hands and legs, yet it 

moves ahead. All the objects over the earth also 

move with it. It moves around the sun. 

So does that mean the vedas proposed a geocentric model ????!!!  

THE BRITISH LEGACY, HAS LEFT US NOTHING BUT AN OPPURTUNITY TO BE ASHAMED OF OUR OWN CULTURE !!!!! 

 suShvANAsa indra stumasi tvA sasavAMsash ca tuvinRumNa vAjam |

A no bhara suvitaM yasya cAkan tmanA tanA sanuyAma tvotAH ||                  [ RIG VEDA 10.149.1 ] 

Savita = Sun ; Yantraih = through reins ;Prithiveem = Earth ;Aramnaat = Ties ;Dyaam Andahat = Other planets in sky as well ;Atoorte = Unbreakable ;Baddham = Holds ;Ashwam Iv Adhukshat = Like horses 

The sun has tied Earth and other planets through 

attraction and moves them around itself as if a 

trainer moves newly trained horses around itself 

holding their reins.

IS THAT GEOCENTRIC FOR THE WESTERNERS ????

THEY SAY,WE BELEIVE. 

We have not even read a fraction of the vedas, but declare it as a myth !! what prejudices people carry?? WE ARE PROUD TO CALL OUR SCIENCE AS MYTH !!! THINK !!! 

panjcAre cakre parivartamAne tasminn A tasthur bhuvanAni vishvA |

tasya nAkShas tapyate bhooribhAraH sanAd eva na sheeryate sanAbhiH || [ RIG VEDA 1.164.13 ]

Sun moves ,it itself is moving. 

Earth and other bodies move around sun due to 

force of attraction, because sun is heavier than 

them.

They say that we considered the sun and moon to be planets.Actually we did not.Sun was only decribed as the center of the solar system that held OTHER BODIES CALLED PLANETS.This clearly rules out the possiblity of sun being called as a planet. 

We also knew the source of moon light was sun.YES.....Read further... 

atrAha gor amanvata nAma tvaShTur apeecyam |

itthA candramaso gRuhe ||                                                      [ RIG VEDA1.84.16 ] 

The moving moon receives its light from the sun. 

somo vadhooyur abhavad ashvinAstAm ubhA varA |

 sooryAM yat patye shaMsanteem manasA savitAdadAt ||           [ RIG VEDA 10.85.9 ] 

Moon decided to marry. Day and Night attended  its wedding. And sun gifted his daughter “Sun  ray” to Moon

Did your parents tell you the myth of some snake catching hold of the sun or moon during the solar/lunar eclipse respectively ??? those are not prescribed by the vedas as well.

yat tvA soorya svarbhAnus tamasAvidhyad AsuraH |

akShetravid yathA mugdho bhuvanAny adeedhayuH ||              [ RIG VEDA 10.85.9 ] 

O Sun! When you are blocked by the one whom you gifted your own light (moon), then earth gets scared by sudden darkness.

Thanks for reading !! DO COMMENT !! PLEASE CONTINUE READING !!! 

पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं - AERONAUTICS ! PART-3 !! FOOD TECHNOLOGY

पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं 

The last note and this might sound boring to some people,but the details of pilot's food and clothing gets over with this note. 

The next note will be more interesting.The next note will talk about The metals used for flights,engines,electricity,so on and so forth. 

So irequest you continue reading and realise the value of our traditional texts. 

Today we will move into the vastradhikaranam, the chapter on the dresses of pilots. 

VASTHRADHIKARANAM 

YANTHU PRAVARANEEEYOW PRUTHAK PRUTHAK RITHU BHEDHAATH [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.6]

The clothing should be different for different seasons. 

There are detailed processes described for protective and purified forms of vatras(dresses) for pilots.These procedures are also described in the "Pata samskaara ratnakara".

These are vivid and detailed in nature and hence we shall not discuss it here.If any one wants the same, please drop your e mail ID as a comment. 

The next adhikaranam is on the food of pilots.AAHAARAADHIKARANAM : 

AHAARA: KALPABHEDHATH [VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.7 ] 

 The food shall be consumed in accordance to the seasons. 

VISHA NASHAS TRIBHYA: [VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.8]

By such a diet plan, the ill effects ccaused in the body due to seasonal change can be warded off. 

TAHTH KAALA ANUSARAATH ITHI [VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.9] 

And the food be consumed at specified times.The diet plan and the consumption times are detailedly described in the LALLA KARIKA, a text on dietics.

 THATH ABHAAVE SATHVA GOLAVAA [VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.10] 

If food is not available,then vitamil pills can be used.

It is evident that they have technologies that produced vitamin pills that can be used as substitute for food as well. 

A grantha (text) by name paakasarvasva explains the procedure of making such pills as well. 

PHALA MOOLA KAANDA SAAROVAA [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.11] 

API CHA THRUNADHEENAAM [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.12]

Or the essence of fruits,vegetables or roots. 

or the essence of grasses and herbs. 

An ancient text of food technology, by name ASHANA KALPA, on food technology  explains detailed procedures of how to extract essence and how to preserve them for further use.

 As i said earlier, With this concludes the chapters on pilot's dressing sense and food habits.We will move onto the chapters describing the construction of the aeroplanes. 

Thanks for reading. DO COMMENT :) 

पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं - Aeronautics ! Part - 2

पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं 

Now that we are through with the 32 secrets that are to be the essential knowledge of a pilot, we will move onto the aerial routes as described in the second chapter of the vaimanika shastra 

MAARGADHIKARANAM - Chapter of aerial routes 

PANCHAGNASCHA [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.3] 

The pilot should know five things 

The atmospheric layers are categorised into five spheres.

• Rekhapaththa 
• Mandala
• Kakshya 
• Shakthi 
• Kendra 

There are well defined 519,800 air routes transversed by the planes.

further explanations are found in the valmiki ganitha (the mathematics of valmiki ) and texts of saunakha maharishi. 

AVARTHASCHA [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.4 ]

And also the whirlpools. 

Bharathwaja says, Though whirlpools in the atmosphere are innmerable, the whirlpools (avartha) found in the regions of the vimaanas are 5 in number. 

Shakthyavartha whirlpool occurs in the Rekha sphere (this is charecterised with lots of energy ) 

In mandala paththa there occurs Vayu avartha ; the whirlpool of strong wind 

In Kakshya , there occurs Kiranavartha, the whirlpool of sun's rays, blocking the view of pilot 

In shakthi , there occurs, Shaithavartha whirlpool of cold air 

In kendra there occurs Gharshanavartha ; whirlpool caused by collision (??) 

The pilot has a necessity to know these five dangers and should know to steer clearly away from these. 

ANGANYEKA THRIMSHAT [ VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.SUTRA.5] .

The parts are thirty one in number. 

Bharathwaja explains the thirty one basic parts of the aeroplane. 

The thirty one parts are also mentioned in the CHAYA PURUSHA SHASTRA.

We will not go into details now, it is also explained when it comes to the construction of aeroplanes.so we will only see an outlines view of the parts of the flights as desinges by there Amazing indians !! 

For further reference, Darpana means Mirror and yanthra means a machine or mechanism. 

1. Vishwakriyaadarpana or mirror of outside views.

2. Shaktyaakarshana or energy attracting mirror.

3. Parivesha mechanism above the hood of the Vimana.

4. Angopasamhaara yantra or folding up yantra at the 7th bindukeelaka.

5. Vistritakriyaa or opening out yantra location in the middle of the 11th section.

6. Vyroopya darpana and

7. Padmachakramukha at the shirobhaaga or crest of the Vimana.

8. The Kuntinee-shakti mechanism is to be in the neck of the Vimana.

9. Pushpinee and Pinjulaa Mirrors are to be in the right side of the centre.

10. At the front of the left side are to be located the Naalapanchaka or 5 pipes.

11. Guhaagarbha mirror yantra is to be in the front part of the stomach of the plane.

12. Thamoyantra at the north western side.

13. Pancha-vaataskandha-naala on the western centre.

14. Rowdree mirror.

15. Vaataskandha keelaka at the bottom centre.

16. Shaktisthaana at the front and right sides.

17. Shabda-kendra-mukha at the left side.

18. Vidyuddwaadashaka at the north-east side.

19. Praanakundala at the moola of the Vimana.

20. Shaktyudgama at the navel of the Vimana.

21. Vakraprasaarana at the side of Vimanaadhaara.

22. Shaktipanjara in the central portion.

23. Shirahkeelaka at the head of the Vimana.

24. Shabdaakarshaka yantra at the shoulder.

25. Pata-prasaarana at the bottom centre.

26. Dishaampati yantra at the left front.

27. Pattikaabhraka at the centre of the hood of the Vimana.

28. Solar power attractor at the top of the Vimana.

29. Apasmaara or poison gas at the sandhi-naala mukha or junction tube front.

30. Sthambhana yantra at the bottom.

31. Vyshwaanara-naala at the navel centre.

With these basics, Bharathwaja also goes onto explaining the clothing of pilots.the next adhikarana is VASTHRADHIKARANAM,from which we will see in the next note. 

पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं - Aeronautics

पुरातन भारतीय विज्ञानं 

The discussions that have  been triggered in the commnets of the last note indeed give me great happiness.These sutras on physics were so true and amazing that they were a treat to our minds.But, there could be flaws in translations, or interpretations. Happy that we have started thinking and debating on such great matters.These healthy debates could reveal things to the world. Continue posting your opinions of differences and we shall ponder over the same. 

Science has been given much importance in the vedas.The postulates on the nature of matter and the existance and operation of the world were known as "Rtha".This, the yajur veda says, every man has to make a vow of learning and teaching to others the rtha or science.The thaithreeya samhitha of the krishna yajur veda says,

" Rtham cha swaadhyaaya pravachane cha " [ i shall learn and teach science ] 

With this interesting reference to the importance of science in the Sanathana dharma,we shall move onto the VAIMANIKA SHASTRA.

This shastra is the masterpeice work of Shri.Bharathwaja Maharishi.In his invocatory verse, 

" I shall write and explain with 500 sutras (SUTHRAIR PANCHA SHATHAIYUKTHAM),100 topics (SHATHADHIKARANAISTHADHA ) in eight chapters, ( ASHTADHYAAYA SAMAAYUKTHAM ), the science of aeronautics (VAIMANIKA PRAKARANAM ).This i shall write for the making easy the travel of people.

Firstly, We must understand that This is not the first text on the Aeroplanes in ancient india.Bharathwaja himself mentiones that he was guided by the following works.If Bharathwaja lived in around 1000 - 1500 BC and was guided by texts older than this, then we should imagine how old the techniques of Aeronautics must have been india.

Sage narayana -- VIMANA CHANDRIKA 

Sage garka       -- VYOMA YAANA THANTRA 

Sage vachaspati-- YANTHRA KALPA. 

We will see only basics for a few posts.It is only during the last that we will get into the real construction and pictures of construction of th vimanas. 

Thus, in sutra 1 , 

VEGA-SAAMYAATH VIMAANO ANDAJAANAAM [ SUTRA 1, VAIMANIKA ] 

ANDAJA - EGG BORN ;  VIMAANA - Aeoroplane 

"Owing to similarity of speed with birds, it is named Vimaana." 

Acharya Narayana defines vimana as ; "That which can speed on earth, on water, through air, by its own power, like a bird, is a "Vimaana"

Vishwambhara says, "Experts say that that which can fly through air from one country to another country, from one island to another island, and from one world to another world, is a "Vimaana".

Having thus defined the vimana, The sage moves onto explain details.

RAHASYAGNANODHIKAAREE [ SUTRA 2 , VAIMANIKA ] 

Rahasya-  secret ; gnana - knowledge ; adhikaree - knower 

This prakarana(chapter) talks about pilots.Thus he mentions that a pilot is person who knows the secret art of driving the vimanaas. 

As I said, Every school has sutras and vritti.The vritti grantha for the vaimanika shastra was given by Bodhananda.A vedic sage.His text is also available today along with the vaimanika shastra.So we will refer to this explanations as well. 

He says, Scientists say that there are 32 secrets of the working of the Vimaana. A pilot should acquaint himself thoroughly with them before.

We shall discuss the thirty two secrets described by the sage now.

1.MANTHRA : 

       Mantras and meditations are prescribed by the shastra to a pilot.It is said that by meditation the pilot aquires concentration, which is very much required to operate the flights.

2.THANTHRIKA : 

    This actually is interpreted by many as the ability to endow powers onto the flight.But i feel it is a metaphorical statement that means to convey that the pilot must know to repair the flight. ( magic/power - power to run even after a damage - repair ) 

3.KRITHAKA : 

       To study the various scripts describing the construction of vimanas.

4.ANTARAALA :

       In the wind-swept atmospheric region of the sky, in the clash at the borders of mighty currents, an inadvertent plane is likely to be smashed to pieces. But by getting warned of the approach of such danger spots, the plane could be halted and steered with care.

5.GOODHA : 

     Using the layers of atmosphere to hide the plane from the view of the enemy plane.[explained in vayutatwa prakarana) 

6.DRISHYA : 

       Use of mirrors ( Vishwa kriya darpanam ) and making the flight a camaflouged one.This enables better warfare with the enemy flights. 

7.ADHRISHYA : 

      Knowing how to produce a white circe (probably of smoke ? ) to make the vimana invisible to the enemy. 

8.PAROKSHA : 

        The study of Meghothpaththi Prakarana.The science describing the science of clouds 

9.APAROKSHA : 

        By projection of light infront of the vimana, things can be made better visible. 

10.SANKOCHA : 

        This literally means contraction.The shastra says, since the flight flies with its wings fully streched, hence there could be trouble because of this.By pressing the 7th switch, the wings can be shortened without affecting the flight.This is also calledYANTHRAANGOPASAMHAARA 

11.VISTRITA : 

     By turning the 11th switch of the flight, the vimana can be expanded a little.The mathematical calculations of this are found in the VALMIKI GANITHAM ( the mathematics of valmiki) 

12.VIROOPA KARANA : 

     By producing a kind of smoke projecting it through the tube called padma chakra to the bhyravee oil smeared Darpana (mirror) , and whirling i nthe 132nd speed, a monstrous picture of the flight can be created for the enemy.This will make him afraid. 

13.RUPANTHARA : 

        Some oils and some and use of specific mirros can create images of lion tiger in the mid air.

14.SUROOPA : 

        Some kind of mirrors and smoke can be used to show as if the flight is bedecked with lowers. 

15.JYOTHIRBHAVA : 

        Use of lights to make the flight glow. 

16.THAMOMAYA  : 

       MAke the plane appear dark , by the use of thamo yanthra.Also described the construction of this machine in the previous text of bharathwaja ( amsu bodhinee) 

17.PRALAYA : 

      Art of destruction of enimies 

18.VIMUKHA : 

       By projecting the VYSHWANARA POISON, Through the third tube and use of the mirror by name ROUDREE DARPANA, And turing on the switchh of air blowing, Insensiblity can be created to the enemy.

19.TAARA : 

     By mixing with etherial force 10 parts of air forte, 7 parts of water force, and 16 parts of solar glow, and projecting it by means of the star-faced mirror through the frontal tube of the Vimana; the appearance of a star-spangled sky is created.

20.MAHA SHABDHA VIMOHANA : 

        By useing the pressure of air around, sound can be emitted by usage of specific switches.These resemble thundering and leaves enemies in fear. 

21.LANGHANA : 

          How to stay safe from the heat of the sun. 

22.SAARPA GAMANA : 

        How to move and drive the flight in a Zig zag manner to confuse the enemy. 

23.CHAAPALA : 

       by turning the middle switch in the force center of the vimana, a great speed wil lbe generated confusing the enemy plane. 

24.SARVATHOMUKHA : 

       When an arrangement of enemy flights come to attack the flight, how to escape. 

25.PARASHABDHA GRAAHAKA RAHASYA : 

       As explained i the sowdaminee kala (electronic sciences), installation and working of the machines that help to over hear the conversations in the enemy plane. 

26.RUPAKARSHANA : 

        The art of capturing images of the interiors of the enemy plane.

                         HE MEANS PHOTOGRAPHY INDEED !!! 

 He says ; 

 VIMANASYA RUPAKARSHANA YANTHRA DWAARA PARAVIMAANASTHITHA VASTHU RUPAKARSHANA RAHASYAM  

27.KRIYAGRAHANA : 

By turning the key at the bottom of the Vimana, a white cloth is made to appear. By electrifying the three acids in the north-east part of the Vimana, and subjecting them to the 7 kinds of solar rays, and passing the resultant force into the tube of the Thrisheersha mirror

and making the cloth screen face the mirror, and switching on the upper key, all the activities going on down below on the ground, will be projected on the screen.

28.DIGPRADARSHANA : 

         A switch will project on the screen the direction of approach of the enemy plane. 

29.AAKASHAAKAARA : 

        Smearing black mica along with other specific substances can offer camaflouge to the plane. 

30.JALADHARUPA : 

         How to make the flight have the appearce on as though it resembles is a cloud, by use of smoke.

31.STABDHAKA : 

          By projecting apasmaara poison-fume smoke through the tube on the north side on the Vimana, and discharging it with stambhana-yantra, people in enemy planes will be made unconscious

32.KARSHANA : 

             How to burn the enemy plane and destroy it. 

Hope you enjoyed reading the 32 Rahasyas.We will proceed onto the adhikarana (chapter) dealing with the AERIAL ROUTES.( AKASHA MARGAADHIKARANAM ).

I have used an e book upoloaded by anonymous.The page containing the Verses of bharathwaja on these rahasyas, i have attached herewith for you to have a look.If any of you want the text i will be happy to forward.Drop in your email id as a comment.

Thank you for reading !! DO COMMENT :) 

BE PROUD AS AN INDIAN !! 

P.S : There are more researches done on this subject unlike the previous topic of ours,the vaisheshika sutras.Both indian and foreign scientists have agreed that these are possible to an extent.The biggest problem faced is that we do not get to understand which materials they refer to for the processes.

Please view this video : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wFssEh-b7A8